the First Pass Under Heaven
Shanhaiguan city, the circumference of about 4 kilometers, is a small city, the whole city is connected to the Great Wall, with the city as the pass.
The city has four main gates, and a variety of ancient defense buildings, is a relatively complete defense system of the city pass, known as "the first pass in the world".
Take the majestic Arrow Tower of "the first pass under Heaven" as the main body, supplemented by Jingbian Lou, Linlu Lou, Mu Ying Tower, Weiyuan Hall, Weng City, Dongluo City, Great Wall Museum and other Great Wall buildings.
Shanhaiguan Guancheng was founded in the 14th year of Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty (1381). It is the center of Shanhaiguan Great Wall with irregular trapezoid, arc at the northwest and southwest corners, and no corner platform.
The circumference of Guancheng Wall is 4727 meters, the city is 14 meters high and 7 meters thick.
The east wall is the main line of the Great Wall, and four city gates are built on each side of the east, west, north and south of Guancheng. The east gate is the "town east gate", that is, "the first pass in the world", the west gate is the "welcome gate", the south gate is the "Wangyang gate", and the north gate is the "Weiyuan gate". The four gates are all built on the city platform.
Outside the four gates of Guancheng, there is an urn city, which opens on the side.
The southeast and northeast corner of the city wall are located on the main line of the Great Wall, with southeast corner platform and northeast corner platform respectively. Turrets are built on the corner of Guancheng, which are defensive buildings at the corner of Guancheng. Lilu Tower, Pastoral Tower and New Building are also built on the north and south sides of Zhendong Building.
There is a water gate in the southeast, northwest and southwest corner of Guancheng, and there is a moat outside the wall.
There are four gates in Shanhaiguan, which are called "East Gate of the Town" in the east, "Yingen Gate" in the west, "Wangyang Gate" in the south and "Weiyuan Gate" in the north.
All four doors are preserved, and the east gate is the "first pass in the world", which is the most complete.
The city gate platform has the first pass tower in the world, the first pass tower in the world, which is actually an arrow tower format.
The measured results show that the city platform is 12 meters high, the city tower is 13 meters high, the east-west width is 10.1 meters, and the north-south length is 19.7 meters.
The building is divided into two floors, the first floor is 5.7 meters high and the second floor is 8 meters high.
City tower building, on the top of Xieshan heavy eaves, the top ridge double kiss symmetrical, the lower for the brick structure, four corners flying eaves, decorated with different shapes of ridged animals, beautiful shape, lifelike.
Shanhaiguan City four gates are outside the urn city, now only the east gate urn city, the perimeter of 318 meters, the urn gate opens to the south, and the first pass ticket door at right angles.
The west wall of Wengcheng is 85 meters long, the north wall is 83 meters long, the east wall is 72 meters long, the south wall is 77 meters long, and the city is 13 meters high.
The width of the wall of Wengcheng is 15 meters in the west and 9.7 meters in the east.
Shanhaiguan ancient city is an important military city defense system on the Ming Great Wall. The east building of Dongmen Town is magnificent. Because it is located at the pass and the situation is dangerous, it is also the first pass from the east of the Great Wall, so it is called "the first pass in the world". It is the landmark building of Shanhaiguan ancient city.
Jingbian Tower, Mu Ying Tower, Zhendong Building, Linlu Tower and Weiyuan Hall are respectively built on the left and right sides. Five enemy towers, lined up one by one, are evenly distributed on the line of the Great Wall more than 1000 meters long, which is called "Wuhu Town East". The bell and drum towers are built in the center of the city. Guancheng streets and lanes show a chessboard layout, and the four urns outside the city are arched to form a heavy city and protect it.
The outer layer is built with Luocheng, Yicheng, Acropolis, Shaocheng and so on, showing the strict urban defense architectural style in ancient China.
In the 14th year of Hongwu of Ming Dynasty (1381), General Xu Da was ordered to build a Great Wall between the mountains and the sea.
Because it depends on mountains and oceans, it is called Shanhaiguan.
The north wall of this section (on the left) is high and low, because Shanhaiguan is built according to the mountain, and the arrow tower on the city is built according to the horizontal line, resulting in an angle between the two.
Along the Ming Great Wall, Shanhaiguan Ancient City is worthy of the name as the first important pass at the eastern starting point of the Ming Great Wall.
Before Jiayu, it had the reputation of the first pass in the world, the throat of the border county and the protection of the capital.
Her position as a military town at all passes of the Great Wall is unique.
Later, the Qing army entered the customs.
The circumference of Shanhaiguan city is about 4 kilometers.
This is a small town.
The whole city is connected to the Great Wall and is based on the city.
The city is 14 meters high and 7 meters thick.
The city has four main gates and various ancient defense buildings.
This is a city pass with a relatively complete defense system.
To the north is the overlapping Yanshan Mountains and to the south is the boundless Bohai Sea.
Shanhaiguan stands on the neck of the Great Wall, between the peaks and the sea, in and out of the throat of Jinxi Corridor.
In the long history of thousands of years, Shanhaiguan brought together famous emperors, generals and officials.
Eighteen emperors were stationed at Shanhaiguan.
At the same time, it also brings together all kinds of customs and cultures inside and outside the customs.
Shanhaiguan is the collection of the Great Wall culture, the witness of Chinese history and a miracle in the history of architecture.
As elsewhere, anyone who can get in touch with historical celebrities and touch it can tell some stories.
In history, the regrettable war between Li Zicheng and Wu Sangui triggered the change of power in Shanhaiguan in the Ming and Qing dynasties; the allied forces of the eight powers invaded Shanhaiguan, burned the old leader and engraved shame.
Imprint: the scuffle between the warlord Shanhaiguan affected the world military pattern; the Japanese invaded Shanhaiguan and the Chinese army and people began the first shot of the War of Resistance against Japan on the Great Wall.
The Jingbian Building has undergone several generations of changes.
It was built in the Ming Dynasty.
The transformation in the Yongzheng period was named Kuixing Building, and its shape also changed a lot.
It was destroyed by Japanese invaders in 1933.
In 1986, it was restored according to its original appearance.
The mottled city tiles record the vicissitudes of life for hundreds of years.
Looking up at the city tower is actually the format of the arrow tower.
Its architectural form is Jiuji Xieshan heavy eaves.
Today, on the eaves at the four corners of the city tower, there are still different forms of ridges, riding impatiens in front, followed by Pegasus, seahorses, lions and roars.
The plaque on the Arrow Building at the East Gate of Shanhaiguan is about 6 meters long and 1.5 meters wide with five regular characters.
Interestingly, the five words increase in turn from right to left, but visually balance can be produced.
These five characters are powerful and magnificent, integrated with the towering and majestic relationship, and are extremely spectacular.
At first glance, it should be the hand of a calligrapher.
But except for five big characters, no sign-off was left on the plaque.
Who wrote it?
For 500 years, the answer has been complicated and confusing because of different opinions.
Although the legends of the first plaque in the world are mostly legends, or even interpretations.
Shanhaiguan Scenic spot in Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province in summer, leaning on mountains and water, lush vegetation, has a unique charm.
Today, although this pass has become a historical relic, it still inspires people's strong will and patriotism, with its majestic style and amazing history.
Shanhaiguan will always be engraved in people's hearts, the body is great, the soul is loyal.
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